Recommendation of FAO & WHO for choosing suitable H5 inactivated vaccine

Recommendation of FAO & WHO for choosing suitable H5 inactivated vaccine

Numerous vaccines have been devised to combat highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI), primarily consisting of inactivated whole-virus vaccines for poultry. Data about immunity onset and duration in the target species being key for effective planning.

Over 420 billion doses of avian influenza H5 vaccine have been used in poultry since 2002 as oil-emulsified, inactivated whole AIV vaccines (>90%) and live vectored vaccines (<10%). Over 99% of the vaccine has been used in the four H5N1 HPAI enzootic Members: China (People’s Rep. of) including Hong Kong (>90%), Egypt, Indonesia, and Vietnam where vaccination programs have been nationwide and routine to all poultry.

Certainly! When selecting inactivated avian influenza H5 vaccines for poultry, several principles should be considered to ensure optimal protection and productivity.

these key points include:

 

  1. Tailored Vaccines:
    • Diverse Poultry Species: The poultry industry encompasses various species (chickens, ducks, turkeys, etc.) and production types (broilers, layers, breeders).
    • Tailor vaccines to meet the specific needs of different poultry species and their production environments.
  2. Efficacy and Transmission Reduction:
    • Vaccine Efficacy: Select vaccines with demonstrated efficacy against avian influenza.
    • Prioritize long-lasting protection while minimizing stress to the birds.
    • Transmission Reduction: Assess vaccines’ ability to reduce transmission within and between flocks.
  3. Antigenic Match:
    • Minimizing antigenic differences between vaccines and field strains is essential to match circulating strains.
  4. Vaccine Administration:
    • Injection: Inactivated vaccines are usually administered via injection.
  5. Emergency vs. Preventive Vaccination:
    • Emergency Protective Vaccination: Limited by species, age, and pre-existing vector immunity.
    • Preventive Vaccination: Prioritize achieving the highest protection, especially in high-risk transmission areas.
  6. Adaptation to Farm Conditions:
    • Adapt the vaccine program based on:
      1. Epidemiological environment
      2. Farm history
      3. Biosecurity level
      4. Type of production
  1. Monitoring Immune Response:
    • Measure the development of protection using antibody titers.
    • Adjust protocols based on serological data.

In conclusion, the use of vaccination against avian influenza may be recommended under specific conditions. Whether to vaccinate or not should be decided by the Veterinary Authority based on the avian influenza situation as well as the ability of the Veterinary Services to implement the vaccination strategy including the post vaccination surveillance and monitoring practices.

Article Reference :

Swayne D. & Sims L. (2021). – Chapter 18. Avian influenza. In Veterinary vaccines: Principles and applications. 1st edition. Metwally S., Viljoen G. & El Idrissi M., eds. Published by The Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations and John Wiley & Sons Limited. Available at: https://www.fao.org/documents/card/en/c/cc2031en/ EFSA AHAW Panel (EFSA Panel on Animal Health and Animal Welfare), European Union Reference Laboratory for Avian Influenza, Nielsen, S. S., Alvarez, J., Bicout, D. J., Calistri, P., Canali, E., Drewe, J. A., Garin-Bastuji, B., Gonzales Rojas, J. L., Gortázar, C., Herskin, M., Michel, V., Miranda Chueca, M. A., Padalino, B., Roberts, H. C., Spoolder, H., Stahl, K., Velarde, A., … Viltrop, A. 2023. Vaccination of poultry against highly pathogenic avian influenza – part 1. Available vaccines and vaccination strategies. EFSA Journal, 21(10), 1–87. https://doi.org/10.2903/j.efsa.2023.8271
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